A coloring book style, outline image showing examples of the six different types of literary conflicts.
Lesson Preview · Grades 9-12

Types of Conflict Lesson

Skill: Types of Conflict

Learn how to identify the conflict in a story. You will learn to find the central character, name the opposing force that stands in the way, and sort that force as internal (person vs. self) or external (person vs. person, society, nature, supernatural, or technology). Available at three reading levels for grades 3 to 12.

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What Is a Conflict?
Goal meets resistance
  • Every plot runs on conflict.
  • No conflict means no tension.
  • Side one: the protagonist, pursuing a goal, a need, or a value.
  • Side two: the opposing force, or antagonist, which resists that pursuit.
  • Complex narratives layer several conflicts around one central struggle.
How to Name a Conflict
Three steps that work on any narrative…
  • Step 1: Who is the protagonist?
  • Step 2: What is the opposing force?
  • Step 3: Which type of force is that?
Six Types of Conflict: An Overview
PERSON = PROTAGONIST
  • Person vs. Person = another individual or group with competing agency
  • Person vs. Self = something inside the character
  • Person vs. Society = laws, institutions, customs, or shared expectations
  • Person vs. Nature = nonhuman forces of the physical world
  • Person vs. Supernatural = forces outside natural law
  • Person vs. Technology = machines, tools, or engineered systems
  • Let's look at each one...
Person vs. Person
Another character stands in the way
  • Examples
  • Two candidates are competing for the same promotion.
  • A defense attorney squares off against the prosecutor who trained her.
Person vs. Self
The struggle happens inside
  • Examples
  • A witness who knows the truth weighs loyalty against honesty.
  • An injured runner must choose to return or retire.
  • Emotion alone is NOT an internal conflict.
Person vs. Society
A rule, a law, or a tradition stands in the main character's way
  • Examples
  • A reporter publishes a story that her country’s censors have forbidden.
  • A girl is told that only boys are allowed to join the baseball league.
  • CAREFUL: One person can be the face of a system without being the system.
Person vs. Nature
The natural world challenges the main character
  • Examples
  • A climber reaches the summit but gets stuck due to weather.
  • A new farmer cannot get anything to grow in the tough old soil.
  • Nature is NOT just weather.
Person vs. Supernatural
Something from outside our world challenges the main character
  • Examples
  • A girl finds a magic door in her attic that only opens at midnight.
  • A family learns that the house they bought does not want them to live inside of it.
  • Ghosts, magic, monsters, curses, and gods all belong here.
Person vs. Technology
The protagonist faces a machine, robot, computer, or other technology
  • Examples
  • A pilot fights an autopilot that will not release control.
  • Grandpa cannot make his new phone stop calling strangers.
  • Ask yourself: is the machine an opponent or just a tool?
BE CAREFUL!
Common Mistakes...
  • 1: The opposing force is NOT always a person.
  • 2: A group of people is not the same as society.
  • 3: Feelings alone do not make it Person vs. Self.
  • 4: A machine in the story is not always the opponent.
Let's Look at One Together...
  • The rule had been sitting in the student handbook for thirty years: underclassmen cannot run for class president. Nina read it twice, then read it a third time in case she had missed a word. When she asked Ms. Hall about it, the office secretary shrugged and pointed at the page as if the page had settled the matter. So Nina brought a clipboard to lunch and collected signatures. She got ninety-one. In December she stood in front of five school board members she had never met, with her hands shaking, and asked them to strike one sentence from a book most students had never opened. In February, they did.
  • 1: Who is the protagonist?
  • 2: What force opposes the protagonist?
  • 3: Label the opposing force.
  • Now you're ready to practice!

Review

Shown after slides, one question at a time

Review
All summer Tanisha has trained for the only available position on the city's youth BMX team. The other finalist is Marcus, her former practice partner, who knows the timing and structure of every run she has planned. Riding first, Marcus performs Tanisha's signature move and then suggests to the judges that she has been imitating him. Tanisha can repeat her routine and appear guilty, or she can attempt something new under pressure. With one run remaining, can she defeat a rival who has turned her own preparation against her?
  • Person vs. Person
  • Person vs. Self
  • Person vs. Society
  • Person vs. Nature
  • Person vs. Supernatural
  • Person vs. Technology
Learn Why (shown after incorrect answer)
Tanisha is challenged by Marcus, who is a person. So, the type of conflict in this story is person vs. person.
Optional Follow-up
Who is the protagonist? Who or what is the opposing force? Explain how that force challenges the protagonist.
Review
June sells handmade friendship bracelets on Main Street and every dollar that she earns goes into her telescope fund. Until one afternoon when Officer Pratt stops at her table. He buys two bracelets for his daughters from June and then he delivers some bad news. He informs June of a town ordinance stating that nobody under the age of sixteen can hold a vending permit, and without a permit, the stand has to go. He is perfectly friendly while he takes down her sign but claims that he has to enforce the rule. June decides to take action and fight back so she signs up for five minutes at the next town meeting and starts building her case. Can one young person get a whole town to change its rules?
  • Person vs. Person
  • Person vs. Self
  • Person vs. Society
  • Person vs. Nature
  • Person vs. Supernatural
  • Person vs. Technology
Learn Why (shown after incorrect answer)
June is challenged by the town's rule not Officer Pratt, who is just enforcing the rule. So, the type of conflict in this story is best labeled as person vs. society.
Optional Follow-up
Who is the protagonist? Who or what is the opposing force? Explain how that force challenges the protagonist.
Review
While helping clean the gym after a basketball game, Evan discovers an unmarked envelope of cash beneath the bleachers. The amount is nearly identical to the fee for a class trip that his family cannot afford, and he is pretty sure that no one witnessed him find it. Keeping the money would give Evan an experience that he has wanted for months, and turning it in might mean surrendering the trip entirely, perhaps for an owner who never appears. With the envelope hidden in his backpack, Evan has to decide whether desire can justify keeping what is not his.
  • Person vs. Person
  • Person vs. Self
  • Person vs. Society
  • Person vs. Nature
  • Person vs. Supernatural
  • Person vs. Technology
Learn Why (shown after incorrect answer)
Evan is challenged by his own desire and guilt. He badly wants to keep the money and go on the class trip, but he also knows that someone else suffered from losing that money and that he should give it back. So, the type of conflict in this story is best labeled as person vs. self.
Optional Follow-up
Who is the protagonist? Who or what is the opposing force? Explain how that force challenges the protagonist.
Review
Marlowe has spent her childhood helping her father maintain a lighthouse above a reef known for wrecking ships. During a violent night storm, the tower window shatters, the lamp is extinguished, and her father is injured on the stairs. Now the lighthouse has gone dark and meanwhile, far offshore, a passenger ship continues toward the reef. Marlowe must climb a flooded spiral staircase, cross the exposed lantern room, and restart the lamp while wind and rain batter the tower. Can she restore the signal before the sea drives the ship onto the rocks?
  • Person vs. Person
  • Person vs. Self
  • Person vs. Society
  • Person vs. Nature
  • Person vs. Supernatural
  • Person vs. Technology
Learn Why (shown after incorrect answer)
Marlowe is challenged by the weather. The storm has extinguished the guiding light on the rocky shore and Marlowe is the only one who can restore it. In order to do this she will need to battle the elements. So, the type of conflict in this story is best labeled as person vs. nature.
Optional Follow-up
Who is the protagonist? Who or what is the opposing force? Explain how that force challenges the protagonist.
Review
Ingrid, an apprentice bellmaker in an isolated mountain village, restores a cracked bell recovered from the ruins of an abandoned chapel. Every night at midnight, the bell rings once even though no rope is attached. Each note draws a shadow from the graveyard, and each night the procession advances farther into the village. An inscription hidden inside the bell warns that the thirteenth toll will release the dead from the boundary that contains them. With the final night approaching, Ingrid must discover how to silence an object that seems determined to be heard. Can she break the bell's curse before its final toll?
  • Person vs. Person
  • Person vs. Self
  • Person vs. Society
  • Person vs. Nature
  • Person vs. Supernatural
  • Person vs. Technology
Learn Why (shown after incorrect answer)
Ingrid is challenged by spirits and a cursed bell. Since these are things that are beyond our natural world, the type of conflict in this story is best labeled as person vs. supernatural.
Optional Follow-up
Who is the protagonist? Who or what is the opposing force? Explain how that force challenges the protagonist.
Review
Eli is the youngest rider on a frontier mail route but, despite his young age, he has been trusted with a deed that protects every family in Red Mesa from losing its land. Lexie Diamond, an outlaw leader with plans for the valley, intends to seize and burn the document before the morning hearing. She closes the main road, stations riders at the crossings, and waits at the abandoned rail depot where the remaining trails converge. Can Eli outthink Lexie, evade her gang, and deliver the deed before the land hearing begins at sunrise?
  • Person vs. Person
  • Person vs. Self
  • Person vs. Society
  • Person vs. Nature
  • Person vs. Supernatural
  • Person vs. Technology
Learn Why (shown after incorrect answer)
Eli is challenged by a group of individuals but they are not operating within the rules of society. So, the conflict in this story is best labeled as person vs. person.
Optional Follow-up
Who is the protagonist? Who or what is the opposing force? Explain how that force challenges the protagonist.
Review
Tasha is the manager for the school basketball team and she runs the scoreboard at the championship game, but tonight the machine has declared its independence. It awards points that nobody scored, it freezes the clock, then leaps it forward thirty seconds, and it sounds the buzzer in the middle of free throws. While both crowds groan, Tasha fights back with everything she has: resets, cable checks, the fix codes buried in the back of the manual, even the old flip-card numbers she digs out of the storage closet as a backup plan. Every repair buys her two minutes before the board seems to invent a new glitch. Can Tasha hold the biggest game of the year together until the final buzzer?
  • Person vs. Person
  • Person vs. Self
  • Person vs. Society
  • Person vs. Nature
  • Person vs. Supernatural
  • Person vs. Technology
Learn Why (shown after incorrect answer)
Tasha is challenged by the scoreboard, which seems to behave on its own and is threatening to ruin the big game. She does all she can to overcome these challenges. So, the conflict in this story is best labeled as person vs. technology.
Optional Follow-up
Who is the protagonist? Who or what is the opposing force? Explain how that force challenges the protagonist.
Review
Mae has spent three years helping transform an abandoned city lot into a community orchard and the first major apple harvest is only weeks away. Then she notices tiny holes in the bark and finds hundreds of beetles spreading from tree to tree. The infestation advances faster than the volunteers can contain it, stripping leaves and weakening the youngest trees before anyone understands the scale of the damage. Mae tries to contain the infestation with traps, protective wraps, and selective pruning, but every lost day gives the insects another row. Can she stop the infestation without destroying the trees she is trying to save?
  • Person vs. Person
  • Person vs. Self
  • Person vs. Society
  • Person vs. Nature
  • Person vs. Supernatural
  • Person vs. Technology
Learn Why (shown after incorrect answer)
Mae is challenged by invasive beetles, which threaten her orchard and its harvest. Since beetles are a part of the natural world, the conflict in this story is best labeled as person vs. nature.
Optional Follow-up
Who is the protagonist? Who or what is the opposing force? Explain how that force challenges the protagonist.
Review
Ken is the only person at the school art show who recognizes the image awarded first prize. Amari, his closest friend, copied the composition almost line for line from an old art book Ken had lent her, and the judges praise Amari's work as original. Reporting the truth could cost Amari the award and perhaps their friendship, and remaining silent would allow another student's work to be overlooked and make Ken part of the deception. The teacher announces that the results will become final the next morning. Now Ken has one night to decide between loyalty and integrity, silence or honesty. Will Ken stay quiet or tell the truth?
  • Person vs. Person
  • Person vs. Self
  • Person vs. Society
  • Person vs. Nature
  • Person vs. Supernatural
  • Person vs. Technology
Learn Why (shown after incorrect answer)
Ken is challenged by an internal struggle. He must decide whether to be honest or loyal. Although Amari has created this situation, she is not actually opposing Ken. So the type of conflict in this story is best labeled as person vs. self, NOT person vs. person.
Optional Follow-up
Who is the protagonist? Who or what is the opposing force? Explain how that force challenges the protagonist.
Review
The year is 1902 and Emil was born left-handed. His left-hand letters march across the page, straight and proud. But according to the school code in the county, all children must write with the right hand, no exceptions. Miss Fern is a caring and concerned teacher, but even she taps his desk and makes him switch the pencil, because that is simply how things are done. His schoolwork comes out wobbly and smeared, and the unfairness of it starts to burn. Emil has decided to challenge this unfair policy. Can one boy push back against the way things have always been done?
  • Person vs. Person
  • Person vs. Self
  • Person vs. Society
  • Person vs. Nature
  • Person vs. Supernatural
  • Person vs. Technology
Learn Why (shown after incorrect answer)
Emil is challenged by a rule or policy. The issue is not with the teacher, who doesn't directly oppose him. The issue is with a school code that Emil tries to change. So, the conflict in this story is best labeled as person vs. society.
Optional Follow-up
Who is the protagonist? Who or what is the opposing force? Explain how that force challenges the protagonist.